These findings demonstrate that phonological similarity at the lexical level has an influence on phonetic realization: similarity to a greater number of real words is associated with increased coarticulation as well as hyperarticulation. The other speakers showed consistently opposite effects for nonsense words (i.e., greater nasal coarticulation and hyperarticulation in nonsense words from sparse neighborhoods), despite patterning with the rest of the speakers for real words. blem, maub) for approximately half of the speakers in the study. The same consistent effects of neighborhood were found for nonsense words as well (e.g., gand, mub vs. Analysis showed that real words (both CVNs and NVCs) from dense neighborhoods (e.g., band, mug) were consistently and reliably produced with more coarticulation and more hyperarticulation than words from sparse neighborhoods (e.g., stem, mouth). Degree of nasal coarticulation was measured acoustically on each vowel (A1-P0) ( Chen, 1997), along with vowel duration and spectral hyperarticulation. Lexical frequency and segmental context were balanced across neighborhood conditions. And the way in which the grammar might produce such effects is probed by looking for neighborhood-conditioned effects in not only real words, but also nonsense words.Įight speakers of American English produced 48 highly familiar CVN or NVC words and 48 similar CVN or NVC word-like nonsense words with either many or few phonologically similar neighbors (words differing from the target word by a single phoneme). The experiments presented here further investigate the role that lexical similarity, expressed in terms of phonological neighborhood density, plays in the details of phonetic implementation, looking at nasal coarticulation in particular. In production, words with many phonologically similar neighbors, i.e., those that are phonologically similar to a large number of other words, are produced with more hyperarticulated vowels than words with fewer neighbors ( Wright, 1997, Munson and Solomon, 2004). Lexical similarity has been shown to play a role in speech production (as in speech perception).
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